What Is Caste Census? 11 Things You Should Know

By: THOUSIF Inc. - INDIA

It is a Detailed Count of Social Groups

A caste census collects data about different castes and sub-castes in India, especially among Other Backward Classes (OBC), Scheduled Castes (SC), and Scheduled Tribes (ST).

1. 

It is Separate from the Regular Census

India’s usual census (held every 10 years) counts population, literacy, religion, etc.—but not caste, apart from SC and ST. A caste census goes deeper.

2.

The Last Full Caste Count Was in 1931

Yes, that long ago! While SC/ST data is regularly collected, a full caste-wise breakdown has not been done in nearly a century.

3.

It Helps Understand Social Inequality

By knowing how many people belong to different castes, the government can better identify who is truly marginalized and needs support.

4.

It Can Impact Reservation Policies

Caste data can guide changes in reservation quotas—ensuring benefits reach the communities that need them most.

5.

States Are Doing Their Caste Surveys

Bihar kicked things off with a state-level caste survey, and other states are considering similar steps—even while waiting for a national effort.

6.

It is Politically Sensitive

Caste is a significant factor in Indian politics. A caste census can shift power dynamics, so political parties often have different opinions.

7.

It Faces Opposition Too

Some argue that caste-based data can reinforce divisions or be used for political gains instead of real development.

8.

It Can Improve Welfare Targeting

With accurate data, policies like scholarships, subsidies, or employment schemes can target the right communities better.

9.

It is About Visibility

Many communities, especially among OBCs, feel invisible in data and decision-making. A caste census is about being counted and recognized.

10.

It is Still in Debate

The central government has not officially agreed to conduct a complete caste census, so it is a hot social and political topic.

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